Here are the pre-season exam questions, of which 22 will appear on the final exam (two from each group), and you must answer 10 of those (1 from each different group but one). Here you can click on the citations at the end of the line to reach the sources that will help you answer the question). Then use the FIND buttom on Netscape to locate the keyword that describes the concept you are replying about. [See important email notice about questions preceded by *]

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CREATIVITY

1. *What role does analogy play in creative thinking? (Harnad1, Boden)

2. Why is it easier to measure intelligence than creativity? (Harnad1)

3. Discuss Pasteur's observation that "Chance Favours the Prepared Mind." (Harnad1)

4. What is the difference between an unconscious process and an unconscious mind? (Harnad1, Merikle, Boden)

5. *Is giftedness inborn or is it the product of learning? (Howe)

6. *Discuss "practice makes perfect" in relation to creativity. (Howe)

7. Can there be an algorithm for creativity? (Harnad1, Boden)

CONSCIOUSNESS

1. *What evidence is there for the existence of unconscious perception? (Merikle)

2. Describe Libet's findings on the timing of a decision to move. (Skywriting Foundations of Cognition) (Dennett4)

3. Describe Donders's subtractive method for timing cognition. (Posner1) (Skywriting PY104)

4. Why is there a problem about consciousness as a cause? (Harnad4, Harnad5, Dretske1)

5. *What is Orwellian and Stalinesque revision? (Dennett4)

6. What is the Turing Test? (Harnad<Turing>, Harnad4)

7. *How can we know if a memory is real? (Loftus1) (Skywriting PY104)

EVOLUTION

1. What is the difference between proximal and distal causes in evolution? (Skywriting PY104) (link to Tom Nolen's Animal Behavior Course Notes

2. *What is the Environment of Evolutionary Adaptedness? (Mealey1) (Skywriting PY104)

3. What is the "Blind Watchmaker"? (Wired Magazine on Richard Dawkins) (Skywriting PY104)

4. What is inclusive fitness? (link to Biology Introduction by Chris Colby (Skywriting PY104)

5. What is the "base-rate" fallacy? (Koehler1) or Koehler2 (shorter and easier))

6. *What is the difference between behaviour genetics and sociobiology? ( Overview [from Southern Illinois University]) ( Sociobiology from McMaster) (Skywriting PY104)

7. *How can evolution help explain cognition? (Skywriting PY104) (Merlin Donald on "Origin of Modern Mind") (Wright on the Moral Animal)

LANGUAGE

1. What is the difference between syntax and semantics? (Pinker1) (Skywriting PY106) (Skywriting PY104)

2. What is the Poverty of the Stimulus? (Pinker1, Pullum) (Skywriting PY106)

3. *What are over- and underextension in word learning? (Bates3, Markman1)

4. *What is modularity? (Bates1, Karmiloff-Smith1)

5. What is wrong with Skinner's explanation of language learning? (Pinker1) (Skywriting PY106)

6. What is Universal Grammar (UG)? (Pinker1) (Skywriting PY106)

7. *What is "parameter setting"? (Pinker1) (Skywriting PY106) (Skywriting PY104)

CATEGORISATION

1. What is the Classical View of Categorisation? (Foundations of Cognition, ( Harnad2, Harnad3) (Skywriting PY104)

2. What is the evidence for a prototype theory of category representation? (Pinker3) (Skywriting PY104)

3. What is Categorical Perception? (Harnad2)

4. What is the Symbol Grounding Problem? (Harnad4)

5. What is the problem of "vanishing intersections"? (Harnad3) (Skywriting PY104)

6. What is Pinker's critique of neural nets? (Pinker3)

7. What is Searle's Chinese Room Argument? (Harnad4, Searle1, Searle)

NETS

1. What is the difference between supervised and unsupervised learning? (Skywriting PY104) (Best:Chapter handout)

2. What is the evidence that neural nets are like the brain? (Skywriting PY104) (Best:Chapter handout)

3. What is the Exclusive-Or Problem? (Bates2) (Skywriting PY104) (Best:Chapter handout)

4. What is backpropagation? (Skywriting PY104) (Best:Chapter handout)

5. What is the difference between a neural net and a symbol system? (Skywriting PY104) (Best:Chapter handout)

6. What is Minsky's critique of perceptrons? (Bates2) (Skywriting PY104) (Best:Chapter handout)

7. What is Pylyshyn's critique of neural nets? (Skywriting PY104)

COMPUTATION

1. What is computation? (Harnad4) (Skywriting PY104)

2. What is an algorithm? (Skywriting PY104)

3. What is a Turing Machine? (Searle1)

4. Why does the shape of a symbol need to be arbitrary? (Harnad4)

5. What are "Granny Objections" to computation? Give examples. (Skywriting PY104)

6. What is a proposition? (Harnad4)

7. Give examples of symbol systems. (Searle1)

IMAGERY

1. What is the difference between an image and a symbol? (Skywriting PY104) (Harnad4) (Kosslyn:Chapter handout)

2. What is Analog Processing? (Kosslyn:Chapter handout) (Skywriting PY104)

3. What is the Homunculus Problem? (Skywriting PY104)

4. Who won the Imagery Debate? Why? (,Jeannerod1) (Skywriting PY104) (Kosslyn:Chapter handout)

5. What is Pylyshyn's critique of mental imagery? (Skywriting PY104) (Kosslyn:Chapter handout)

6. Discuss: A picture is worth a thousand words (Lectures)(Kosslyn:Chapter handout)

7. Discuss: "This is not a pipe" (Lectures)

BRAIN

1. What is a retinotopic map? (Posner1 )(Skywriting PY104)

2. What are Event-Related Potentials? (Posner1) (Skywriting PY104)

3. What is the difference between a mental image and a brain image? (Posner1) (Skywriting PY104)

4. What questions can brain images answer that behaviour alone cannot? (Skywriting PY104)

5. How can you find out "how" from "when" and "where"? (Posner1) (Skywriting PY104)

6. What is the somatosensory homunculus? (Posner1) (Skywriting PY104)

7. What is the difference between PET and MRI images? (Posner1)

MIND/BODY

1. What is the mind/body problem? (Harnad4, Searle) (Skywriting PY104)

2. What is the other-minds problem? (Harnad4) (Skywriting PY104)

3. What is consciousness? (Dretske1, Freeman1, Mandler1) (Skywriting PY104)

4. What is "folk psychology"? (Dennett4, Goldman, Goldman2) (Skywriting PY104)

5. What are monism and dualism? (Harnad4, Searle, Dennett3) (Skywriting PY104)

6. What is the difference between movement and telekinesis? (Skywriting PY104)

7. Are we machines? (Dennett3) (Skywriting PY104)

BEHAVIOURISM

1. What is wrong with introspection as a way to study the mind? (Anderson, Goldman, Merikle) (Skywriting PY106) (Skywriting PY104)

2. What was right about behaviourism? (Anderson, Goldman, Searle, Harnad4) (Skywriting PY104)

3. What was wrong about behaviourism? (Anderson, Goldman, Searle) (Skywriting PY104)

4. What are the observables of psychology? (Anderson, Searle, Harnad4) (Skywriting PY104)

5. What is reverse engineering? (Dennett1) (Skywriting PY104)

6. What needs to be explained about the mind? Give examples. (Harnad4, Harnad5) (Skywriting PY104)

7. What is the difference between cognitivism and behaviourism? (Millikan1) (Skywriting PY104)