

Itiel E. Dror, Alan R.S. Ashworth III, Christopher S. Shreiner, Rickard D. Robbins, & Shirley F. Snooks
Participants were trained to identify 16 aircraft. In Phase I, half of the aircraft were presented facing left and the other half facing right. In Phase II, all aircraft were presented facing left and right. In Phase III, all aircraft were presented facing right, left, up, and down. The primacy effect showed that initial presentation of the aircraft affected identification performance in all subsequent phases, even after other orientations were presented and used in training.