

Alan R.S. Ashworth III, Itiel E. Dror, Shirley F. Snooks, Rickard D. Robbins, & Christopher S. Shreiner
Participants learned to identify 16 aircraft either at 0, 90, 180, & 270 degrees or at 22, 112, 202, & 292 degrees. With extensive practice, response time did not vary between the 4 orientations used during training. After training, identification of the aircraft at 64 equally-spaced orientations revealed that participants who studied "non-canonical" orientations (i.e., 22, 112, 202, & 292 degrees) were forced to generalize and learn less orientation-specific representations than those who studied the "canonical" orientations.